Fosuq
239. If a muhrim looked in a mirror for the purpose of dressing up, he is not liable to a kaffaarah, except istighfaar – seeking forgiveness from Allah Almighty – although it is recommended that he should then renew the talbiyah. See case # 16
239. If a muhrim looked in a mirror for the purpose of dressing up, he is not liable to a kaffaarah, except istighfaar – seeking forgiveness from Allah Almighty – although it is recommended that he should then renew the talbiyah. See case # 166 for the declaration of talbiyah.
11. Fosuq
240. It is forbidden to commit Fosuq, which is attributing lies, whether to Allah Almighty, the prophet salla-llahu-alayhi-wa-aalih, the Ma‘soom Imams alayhum-as-salam, or the people in general. So too is using swearwords, boasting about himself, humiliating and demeaning others, or using foul language.
241. The kaffaarah of fosuq if istighfaar – seeking forgiveness from Allah Almighty, and his ihraam is not invalidated.
12. Arguing
242. It is forbidden for a muhrim to engage in arguments, which is to swear by Allah – saying “la wallah” or “bala wallah” meaning “by Allah, No!” or “by Allah, Yes!” This is the case – i.e. forbidden – even in the absence of quarrelling, as a precaution. However, it is permissible to do so if it is [absolutely] necessary to prove the truth, or repel falsehood, or if it is to glorify [Allah, Rasulollah, and the Ahl-ul-Bayt] or show loyalty [to them].
243. If, in the course of an argument, one swore twice on an issue and he was saying the truth, then he has committed a sin, and he is not obliged to give a kaffaarah except istighfaar, and if he swore three times or more, he is obliged to give a kaffaarah of a sheep.
244. If, in the course of an argument, one swore once on an issue and he was lying, he is obliged to a kaffaarah of a sheep, and if he swore twice on a lie, he is obliged to kaffaarah of a cow, and if he swore three times on a lie, he is obliged to kaffaarah of a camel.
13. Killing of insects found on the body
245. It is forbidden for a muhrim to kill the insects found on [his] body, such as lice, and as a precaution there is no difference between the processes in which they are killed, whether directly or indirectly, by means of [chemical] substance, or throwing it so that it would be prone to be killed. As a precaution, the same is applicable for moving the insect from one place to another such that it would be prone to fall off. If however, the insect does not form on one’s body, such as a flea or tick, then it is permissible to kill it. The tick may not be moved from the body of the camel, but it is permissible to move it from the body of the human or kill it.
246. It is permissible to kill insects such as bug or flea, and such likes in the process of protecting oneself, although as a mostahab precaution one should avoid this, especially in the Haram.
247. In the case of killing the insects found on the body, or throwing them off the body, the kaffaarah is a handful of food to give as charity to the poor.
14. Beautification
248. It is forbidden for muhrim to engage in any act that constitutes beautification or adornment, such as wearing a ring. It is permissible to wear a khatam if it is intended as a Sunnah.
249. It is forbidden for a woman in the state of ihraam to wear jewellery for the purpose of beautification, although what she normally or habitually wears before ihraam is not objectionable provided that it is not visible.
250. There is no objection to wearing a watch in the state of ihraam if it is not intended for the purpose of adornment or beautification.
251. The kaffaarah for beautification is a sheep, as a precaution, and no kaffaarah is applicable for wearing khatam.
15. Applying oil
252. It is forbidden for a muhrim to use oil to apply to the body, or other body lotions, even if they do not have any scent or perfume. However, it is permissible if it was for a necessity or treatment.
253. There is no kaffaarah for applying oil to the body except istighfaar, however, if this was deliberate, and out of choice and knowledge, it is recommended that a kaffaarah of a sheep is given.
16. Hair removal
254. It is forbidden for a muhrim to remove any hair from his/her body or from someone else’s, even few strands of hair. The exception here is if there was a necessity such as [if the head of the person was] lice-ridden, severe headache [that could be eased by shaving the head], or if there was an annoying hair strand in the eye. In these cases hair removal is permissible, and it is obligatory to give a kaffaarah. There is no liability to a kaffaarah if one removed someone else’s hair, although it is not permissible for him to do so [to begin with] even if the other person is not in the state of ihraam.
255. It is permissible for a muhrim to scratch his body, provided he takes care the hair is not removed because of the scratching.
256. There is no objection if some hair unintentionally falls in the process of wudhu or Ghusl, when one normally runs his fingers through the hair, as necessary. However, if this went beyond the norm, then it would be objectionable, and as a precaution one should give a kaffaarah of two handfuls of food.
257. If, because of a necessity, a muhrim shaves his head, he is liable to kaffaarah of a sheep, or three days’ fasting, or feeding six poor people the amount of two modd of wheat each. Also if he shaved his head without a necessity, he has the choice between them, although it is recommended, as a precaution, to give a kaffaarah of a sheep.
258. If a muhrim shaved other than his head, knowingly and deliberately, whether the shaving is permitted outside ihraam or not – such as shaving the beard – as a precaution his kaffaarah is a sheep.
17. Henna
259. The use of Henna during ihraam is forbidden as a precaution, and it is preferable to avoid it (Henna) before ihraam, if any traces still remain at the time of ihraam. It is preferable to avoid anything that contradicts the muhrim to be dishevelled and dust-covered.
18. Covering the head – for men
260. It is forbidden for a male muhrim to cover his head, which is defined as the hair growing area and the ears. The prohibition applies whether the head is covered fully or partially, and regardless of the kind of cover used; if it touches the head, even mud or henna. Also it is not permitted for him to submerge in water or in any other liquid, or to carry anything on the head, if it meant that it covers the head, as a precaution.
261. It is permitted to cover the head with part of the body such as the hand, and also it is permitted to wipe the hand on the head when performing wudhu, or when pouring water over the head during Ghusl, etc. as this is not regarded as covering [the head].
262. It is permitted for a muhrim to sleep even if this constitutes part of his head being covered due to its contact with the ground [or pillow]. It is also permitted for him to pour water over his head or stand below the showerhead for [the purpose of] washing, etc. it is also permitted for him to scratch his head if he was sure that any hair would not fall [as a result].
263. If due to lapse and oversight he covered his head, he is not liable to anything, but must remove the cover as soon as he realises his oversight.
264. The kaffaarah of covering the head is a sheep, and a kaffaarah is liable each time the head is covered.
19. Women face covering
265. While in the state of ihraam, it is forbidden for a woman to cover her face with the cover [she normally wears] such that it touches her face, even when asleep.
266. It is permitted for female muhrim to sleep even if this constitutes part of her face being covered by coming in contact with the ground or [the pillow]. It is also permitted for her to cover her face with a veil such that it is distant from her face. It is permitted for her to cover her face with hands. It is also permitted for her to wear her aba, and cover her face provided the face cover is kept away from her face. It is also permitted if part of her face [i.e. he forehead] is covered, if this is in aid of covering the head as required for the daily obligatory prayers.
267. The kaffaarah for a woman covering her face is a sheep.
20. Sheltering in shade – for men
268. It is forbidden for a male muhrim to seek shelter in the shade while on the move, whether on foot or during a ride, like using an umbrella or riding in a roofed vehicle. As a mostahab precaution, he should avoid seeking shelter on either side of his body, even though it is permissible to walk in the shadow of a vehicle or anything provided that it would not be over his head, and it is permissible to use one’s bare hands as a protection from the sun.
269. On the basis of what can be derived from the hadith, there is no distinguishing between day and night in so far as the prohibition of the seeking shelter is concerned, thus it is not permissible to seek shelter during the night.
270. It is permissible for a muhrim, while on the move, to pass underneath a bridge or go through a tunnel, and it is permissible to declare and assume ihraam under the roof of Masgid al-Shajarah, as mentioned earlier.
271. It is permissible for a muhrim to seek shelter under a roof, if he stopped his journey for a rest between the miqaat and Makkah, like going to the motorway restaurants, or if he needed to go to offices to organise his travel schedule, etc. and as a recommended precaution, he should avoid using umbrella.
272. It is permissible to seek shelter from the sun even with an umbrella once in the holy city of Makkah, and there is no difference in this respect between old and new Makkah. This is also applicable once in Arafaat and Mina, and if one who is in Mina, wished to go to the slaughter place or to the Jamaraat.
273. It is permissible for one who declares and assumes ihraam from the mosque of al-Tan‘eem mosque for the Mufradah Umrah to ride a roofed car, for these days the mosque in question is considered to be inside the holy city of Makkah.
274. It is permissible to seek shelter in necessity, like when it is extremely hot or cold, or when it is raining – if it is likely to harm him, but he must give kaffaarah.
275. In general sheltering is permissible for women and children, with no liability to kaffaarah.
276. A male guide for the women pilgrims who needs to be with them, he is permitted to ride a roofed vehicle with them, so too is the driver who fears for his car if he left it, and in both of these cases, they [the guide and car driver] are liable to kaffaarah.
277. If no cars are available for the pilgrim other than the roofed cars, or if he cannot ride cars but the roofed ones – due to an illness say – then it is permitted for him to ride the roofed ones, but he is liable to a kaffaarah.
278. The narrow crossbars of roofless cars do not provide shelter, [and therefore the shade that they produce does not constitute shelter].
279. Whenever he was compelled to seek shelter, he is liable to a kaffaarah, and during one ihraam, it is sufficient to give one kaffaarah for more than one occasion of shelter seeking. However, as a mostahab precaution, he should give a separate kaffaarah for each day.
280. The kaffaarah for seeking shelter is a sheep, and it is permitted for him to slaughter it in his home country.
21. Causing bleeding
281. It is forbidden for a muhrim to cause [any part of] his body to bleed, by any means, whether by venesection, or hijamah (cupping or bloodletting), or while brushing the teeth, or scratching, etc. unless it is for a necessity. Some of the circumstances of necessity are itchy skin disorders that are associated with scratching, cutting open and squeezing a boil or sore, if leaving them unattended by not scratching or cutting them would hurt him.
282. The kaffaarah for causing bleeding unnecessarily is a sheep, and if he were compelled, he would not be liable to a kaffaarah.
22. Clipping fingernails
283. Fingernail clipping is forbidden for a muhrim even if it is to clip one fingernail, or part of, unless [the particular fingernail] is hurting him, for example if part of the nail was broken, or if the finger needed to be treated, and this required the nail to be clipped.
284. The kaffaarah for clipping each fingernail is one modd of food, and that for all of one’s fingers only a sheep, and so too for one’s toes only. If the clipping of all fingers and toes was done in one session, then the kaffaarah is one sheep, but if the fingernails were clipped in one session, and the toenails in another, then the kaffaarah is two sheep. All of this is applicable if it was done knowingly and deliberately.
23. Pulling a tooth
285. It is forbidden for a muhrim to pull a tooth if it were to bleed, and the kaffaarah is a sheep, however, if one was compelled to do so, it is permissible and one is not liable to a kaffaarah.
24. Wearing of arms
286. It is forbidden for muhrim to wear arms, such as sword, dagger, pistol, rifle, and such like that is considered a weapon, and one who is carrying it is considered armed. However, if one is not considered armed, such as carrying a small knife that a pilgrim might need for his personal use, then there is no objection to it. As a precaution, a weapon must not be carried overtly even if it is not being worn.
287. The kaffaarah for wearing arms out of choice is a sheep as a mostahab precaution.
25. Uprooting the plants of the Haram
288. It is forbidden for a muhrim to cut or uproot anything that grows in the Haram, whether or not s/he was in the state of ihraam, or s/he was performing Hajj or Umrah, etc.
289. The exceptions from the above ruling are:
· al-Edhkher (lemon grass), which is a famous herb,
· date palm,
· fruit trees,
· anything that one has planted himself,
· the plant that had grown in his house or property, if it grew after moving in.
290. The kaffaarah for uprooting a large tree is a cow, and for a small tree is a sheep, and if it was part of the tree, [then the kaffaarah] is the price of that [part], and that for grass is istighfaar. All of this is applicable if it was done knowingly and deliberately. However, if it was done in ignorance, or due to oversight etc. then one is not liable to anything.
Miscellaneous
291. Whatever kaffaarah becomes obligatory for him during the ihraam of Umrah, he should slaughter in Makkah, and whatever kaffaarah becomes obligatory for him during the ihraam of Hajj, he should slaughter in Mina, and give it to the poor of the faithful, or send it to their representative(s). If this was not possible, since there were no destitute, nor their representative, in that case one has the choice of slaughtering in Makkah / Mina or doing so back in his homeland and distributing it between the poor and needy.
292. If one committed an act, which is liable to a kaffaarah while ignorant of the ruling, then he is not liable to a kaffaarah. The same is applicable if this was due to an oversight, except in hunting. As for hunting, the kaffaarah is applicable if an act requiring it was committed, regardless of this being in ignorance, oversight or deliberate.
293. If one of the forbidden acts of ihraam occurred coercively, then the muhrim is not liable to anything, such as when someone else forcefully sheltered him, or covered his head.
294. In every case when he was liable to a sheep, he could if he wished offer a goat instead.
Limits of the Haram
295. The Haram encompasses the holy city of Makkah from all sides, and it is an area of about 500 square kilometres.
11. Fosuq
240. It is forbidden to commit Fosuq, which is attributing lies, whether to Allah Almighty, the prophet salla-llahu-alayhi-wa-aalih, the Ma‘soom Imams alayhum-as-salam, or the people in general. So too is using swearwords, boasting about himself, humiliating and demeaning others, or using foul language.
241. The kaffaarah of fosuq if istighfaar – seeking forgiveness from Allah Almighty, and his ihraam is not invalidated.
12. Arguing
242. It is forbidden for a muhrim to engage in arguments, which is to swear by Allah – saying “la wallah” or “bala wallah” meaning “by Allah, No!” or “by Allah, Yes!” This is the case – i.e. forbidden – even in the absence of quarrelling, as a precaution. However, it is permissible to do so if it is [absolutely] necessary to prove the truth, or repel falsehood, or if it is to glorify [Allah, Rasulollah, and the Ahl-ul-Bayt] or show loyalty [to them].
243. If, in the course of an argument, one swore twice on an issue and he was saying the truth, then he has committed a sin, and he is not obliged to give a kaffaarah except istighfaar, and if he swore three times or more, he is obliged to give a kaffaarah of a sheep.
244. If, in the course of an argument, one swore once on an issue and he was lying, he is obliged to a kaffaarah of a sheep, and if he swore twice on a lie, he is obliged to kaffaarah of a cow, and if he swore three times on a lie, he is obliged to kaffaarah of a camel.
13. Killing of insects found on the body
245. It is forbidden for a muhrim to kill the insects found on [his] body, such as lice, and as a precaution there is no difference between the processes in which they are killed, whether directly or indirectly, by means of [chemical] substance, or throwing it so that it would be prone to be killed. As a precaution, the same is applicable for moving the insect from one place to another such that it would be prone to fall off. If however, the insect does not form on one’s body, such as a flea or tick, then it is permissible to kill it. The tick may not be moved from the body of the camel, but it is permissible to move it from the body of the human or kill it.
246. It is permissible to kill insects such as bug or flea, and such likes in the process of protecting oneself, although as a mostahab precaution one should avoid this, especially in the Haram.
247. In the case of killing the insects found on the body, or throwing them off the body, the kaffaarah is a handful of food to give as charity to the poor.
14. Beautification
248. It is forbidden for muhrim to engage in any act that constitutes beautification or adornment, such as wearing a ring. It is permissible to wear a khatam if it is intended as a Sunnah.
249. It is forbidden for a woman in the state of ihraam to wear jewellery for the purpose of beautification, although what she normally or habitually wears before ihraam is not objectionable provided that it is not visible.
250. There is no objection to wearing a watch in the state of ihraam if it is not intended for the purpose of adornment or beautification.
251. The kaffaarah for beautification is a sheep, as a precaution, and no kaffaarah is applicable for wearing khatam.
15. Applying oil
252. It is forbidden for a muhrim to use oil to apply to the body, or other body lotions, even if they do not have any scent or perfume. However, it is permissible if it was for a necessity or treatment.
253. There is no kaffaarah for applying oil to the body except istighfaar, however, if this was deliberate, and out of choice and knowledge, it is recommended that a kaffaarah of a sheep is given.
16. Hair removal
254. It is forbidden for a muhrim to remove any hair from his/her body or from someone else’s, even few strands of hair. The exception here is if there was a necessity such as [if the head of the person was] lice-ridden, severe headache [that could be eased by shaving the head], or if there was an annoying hair strand in the eye. In these cases hair removal is permissible, and it is obligatory to give a kaffaarah. There is no liability to a kaffaarah if one removed someone else’s hair, although it is not permissible for him to do so [to begin with] even if the other person is not in the state of ihraam.
255. It is permissible for a muhrim to scratch his body, provided he takes care the hair is not removed because of the scratching.
256. There is no objection if some hair unintentionally falls in the process of wudhu or Ghusl, when one normally runs his fingers through the hair, as necessary. However, if this went beyond the norm, then it would be objectionable, and as a precaution one should give a kaffaarah of two handfuls of food.
257. If, because of a necessity, a muhrim shaves his head, he is liable to kaffaarah of a sheep, or three days’ fasting, or feeding six poor people the amount of two modd of wheat each. Also if he shaved his head without a necessity, he has the choice between them, although it is recommended, as a precaution, to give a kaffaarah of a sheep.
258. If a muhrim shaved other than his head, knowingly and deliberately, whether the shaving is permitted outside ihraam or not – such as shaving the beard – as a precaution his kaffaarah is a sheep.
17. Henna
259. The use of Henna during ihraam is forbidden as a precaution, and it is preferable to avoid it (Henna) before ihraam, if any traces still remain at the time of ihraam. It is preferable to avoid anything that contradicts the muhrim to be dishevelled and dust-covered.
18. Covering the head – for men
260. It is forbidden for a male muhrim to cover his head, which is defined as the hair growing area and the ears. The prohibition applies whether the head is covered fully or partially, and regardless of the kind of cover used; if it touches the head, even mud or henna. Also it is not permitted for him to submerge in water or in any other liquid, or to carry anything on the head, if it meant that it covers the head, as a precaution.
261. It is permitted to cover the head with part of the body such as the hand, and also it is permitted to wipe the hand on the head when performing wudhu, or when pouring water over the head during Ghusl, etc. as this is not regarded as covering [the head].
262. It is permitted for a muhrim to sleep even if this constitutes part of his head being covered due to its contact with the ground [or pillow]. It is also permitted for him to pour water over his head or stand below the showerhead for [the purpose of] washing, etc. it is also permitted for him to scratch his head if he was sure that any hair would not fall [as a result].
263. If due to lapse and oversight he covered his head, he is not liable to anything, but must remove the cover as soon as he realises his oversight.
264. The kaffaarah of covering the head is a sheep, and a kaffaarah is liable each time the head is covered.
19. Women face covering
265. While in the state of ihraam, it is forbidden for a woman to cover her face with the cover [she normally wears] such that it touches her face, even when asleep.
266. It is permitted for female muhrim to sleep even if this constitutes part of her face being covered by coming in contact with the ground or [the pillow]. It is also permitted for her to cover her face with a veil such that it is distant from her face. It is permitted for her to cover her face with hands. It is also permitted for her to wear her aba, and cover her face provided the face cover is kept away from her face. It is also permitted if part of her face [i.e. he forehead] is covered, if this is in aid of covering the head as required for the daily obligatory prayers.
267. The kaffaarah for a woman covering her face is a sheep.
20. Sheltering in shade – for men
268. It is forbidden for a male muhrim to seek shelter in the shade while on the move, whether on foot or during a ride, like using an umbrella or riding in a roofed vehicle. As a mostahab precaution, he should avoid seeking shelter on either side of his body, even though it is permissible to walk in the shadow of a vehicle or anything provided that it would not be over his head, and it is permissible to use one’s bare hands as a protection from the sun.
269. On the basis of what can be derived from the hadith, there is no distinguishing between day and night in so far as the prohibition of the seeking shelter is concerned, thus it is not permissible to seek shelter during the night.
270. It is permissible for a muhrim, while on the move, to pass underneath a bridge or go through a tunnel, and it is permissible to declare and assume ihraam under the roof of Masgid al-Shajarah, as mentioned earlier.
271. It is permissible for a muhrim to seek shelter under a roof, if he stopped his journey for a rest between the miqaat and Makkah, like going to the motorway restaurants, or if he needed to go to offices to organise his travel schedule, etc. and as a recommended precaution, he should avoid using umbrella.
272. It is permissible to seek shelter from the sun even with an umbrella once in the holy city of Makkah, and there is no difference in this respect between old and new Makkah. This is also applicable once in Arafaat and Mina, and if one who is in Mina, wished to go to the slaughter place or to the Jamaraat.
273. It is permissible for one who declares and assumes ihraam from the mosque of al-Tan‘eem mosque for the Mufradah Umrah to ride a roofed car, for these days the mosque in question is considered to be inside the holy city of Makkah.
274. It is permissible to seek shelter in necessity, like when it is extremely hot or cold, or when it is raining – if it is likely to harm him, but he must give kaffaarah.
275. In general sheltering is permissible for women and children, with no liability to kaffaarah.
276. A male guide for the women pilgrims who needs to be with them, he is permitted to ride a roofed vehicle with them, so too is the driver who fears for his car if he left it, and in both of these cases, they [the guide and car driver] are liable to kaffaarah.
277. If no cars are available for the pilgrim other than the roofed cars, or if he cannot ride cars but the roofed ones – due to an illness say – then it is permitted for him to ride the roofed ones, but he is liable to a kaffaarah.
278. The narrow crossbars of roofless cars do not provide shelter, [and therefore the shade that they produce does not constitute shelter].
279. Whenever he was compelled to seek shelter, he is liable to a kaffaarah, and during one ihraam, it is sufficient to give one kaffaarah for more than one occasion of shelter seeking. However, as a mostahab precaution, he should give a separate kaffaarah for each day.
280. The kaffaarah for seeking shelter is a sheep, and it is permitted for him to slaughter it in his home country.
21. Causing bleeding
281. It is forbidden for a muhrim to cause [any part of] his body to bleed, by any means, whether by venesection, or hijamah (cupping or bloodletting), or while brushing the teeth, or scratching, etc. unless it is for a necessity. Some of the circumstances of necessity are itchy skin disorders that are associated with scratching, cutting open and squeezing a boil or sore, if leaving them unattended by not scratching or cutting them would hurt him.
282. The kaffaarah for causing bleeding unnecessarily is a sheep, and if he were compelled, he would not be liable to a kaffaarah.
22. Clipping fingernails
283. Fingernail clipping is forbidden for a muhrim even if it is to clip one fingernail, or part of, unless [the particular fingernail] is hurting him, for example if part of the nail was broken, or if the finger needed to be treated, and this required the nail to be clipped.
284. The kaffaarah for clipping each fingernail is one modd of food, and that for all of one’s fingers only a sheep, and so too for one’s toes only. If the clipping of all fingers and toes was done in one session, then the kaffaarah is one sheep, but if the fingernails were clipped in one session, and the toenails in another, then the kaffaarah is two sheep. All of this is applicable if it was done knowingly and deliberately.
23. Pulling a tooth
285. It is forbidden for a muhrim to pull a tooth if it were to bleed, and the kaffaarah is a sheep, however, if one was compelled to do so, it is permissible and one is not liable to a kaffaarah.
24. Wearing of arms
286. It is forbidden for muhrim to wear arms, such as sword, dagger, pistol, rifle, and such like that is considered a weapon, and one who is carrying it is considered armed. However, if one is not considered armed, such as carrying a small knife that a pilgrim might need for his personal use, then there is no objection to it. As a precaution, a weapon must not be carried overtly even if it is not being worn.
287. The kaffaarah for wearing arms out of choice is a sheep as a mostahab precaution.
25. Uprooting the plants of the Haram
288. It is forbidden for a muhrim to cut or uproot anything that grows in the Haram, whether or not s/he was in the state of ihraam, or s/he was performing Hajj or Umrah, etc.
289. The exceptions from the above ruling are:
· al-Edhkher (lemon grass), which is a famous herb,
· date palm,
· fruit trees,
· anything that one has planted himself,
· the plant that had grown in his house or property, if it grew after moving in.
290. The kaffaarah for uprooting a large tree is a cow, and for a small tree is a sheep, and if it was part of the tree, [then the kaffaarah] is the price of that [part], and that for grass is istighfaar. All of this is applicable if it was done knowingly and deliberately. However, if it was done in ignorance, or due to oversight etc. then one is not liable to anything.
Miscellaneous
291. Whatever kaffaarah becomes obligatory for him during the ihraam of Umrah, he should slaughter in Makkah, and whatever kaffaarah becomes obligatory for him during the ihraam of Hajj, he should slaughter in Mina, and give it to the poor of the faithful, or send it to their representative(s). If this was not possible, since there were no destitute, nor their representative, in that case one has the choice of slaughtering in Makkah / Mina or doing so back in his homeland and distributing it between the poor and needy.
292. If one committed an act, which is liable to a kaffaarah while ignorant of the ruling, then he is not liable to a kaffaarah. The same is applicable if this was due to an oversight, except in hunting. As for hunting, the kaffaarah is applicable if an act requiring it was committed, regardless of this being in ignorance, oversight or deliberate.
293. If one of the forbidden acts of ihraam occurred coercively, then the muhrim is not liable to anything, such as when someone else forcefully sheltered him, or covered his head.
294. In every case when he was liable to a sheep, he could if he wished offer a goat instead.
Limits of the Haram
295. The Haram encompasses the holy city of Makkah from all sides, and it is an area of about 500 square kilometres.